Gadus morhua

Literature

• Aarefjord H., Bjørge A., Kinze C.C. and Lindstedt I. 1995. Diet of the Harbour Porpoise, Phocoena phocoena, in Scandinavian waters. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn (Special issue 16): 211-222.
• Anker-Nilssen T. 1987. The breeding performance of Puffins Fratercula arctica on Røst, northern Norway in 1979-1985. Fauna norv. Ser. C, Cinclus 10: 21-38.
• Anker-Nilssen T. and Nygård T. 1987. Notes on the food choice of adult and young Guillemots Uria aalge during post-breeding migration in Central Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. C., Cinclus 10:53-56.
• Barrett R.T., Anker-Nilssen T., Rikardsen F., Valde K., Røv, N. and Vader W. 1987. The food, growth and fledging success of Norwegian Puffin chicks Fratercula arctica in 1980-1983. Ornis. Scand. 18: 73-83.
• Barrett R.T., Røv N., Loen J. and Montevecchi W.A. 1990. Diets of Shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis and cormorants P. carbo in Norway and possible implications for gadoid stock recruitment. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 66: 205-218.
• Behrends G. 1982. Analysis of stomach- and colon contents of 185 common seals from the Waddensea of Schleswig-Holstein. ICES, C.M. N:11.
• Belopol'skii L.O. 1957. Ecology of sea colony birds of the Barents sea [Ekologiya Morskikh Kolonial'nykh Ptits Barentsova barya]. Isr. Progr. Sc. Transl., Jerusalem, 1961.
• Benke H., Siebert U., Lick R., Bandomir B. and Weiss R. 1998. The current status of Harbour Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in German waters. Archive of Fishery and Marine Research 46: 97-123.
• Bjørge A. 1995. Comparative habitat use and foraging behaviour of harbour seals and grey seals in western Norway. ICES C.M.
• Bjørge A., Aarefjord H., Kaarstad S., Kleivane L. and Øien N. 1991. Harbour Porpoises Phocoena phocoena in Norwegian waters. ICES C.M.
• Bjørge A., Olsen M. and Prime J. 1993. Food and foraging of the Harbour Seal, Phoca vitulina L., in Norwegian waters. Ch. V in: A. Bjørge (.
• Blake B.F. 1983. A comparative study of the diet of auks killed during an oil incident in the Skagerrak in January 1981. J. Zool., London 201: 1-12.
• Blake B.F. Dixon T.J. Hope Jones P. and Tasker M.L. 1985. Seasonal Changes in the Feeding Ecology of Guillemots (Uria aalge) off North and East Scotland. Est.,Coastal and Shelf Sc. 20:559-568.
• Boudewijn T.J. and Dirksen S. 1998. Monitoring van biologische effecten van verontreiniging op het broedsucces van Aalscholvers in de Dordtse Biesbosch en op de Ventjagersplaten in.
• Brenninkmeijer A. and Stienen E.W.M. 1992. Ecologisch profiel van de Grote Stern (Sterna sandvicensis). Rin-rapport 92/17: 107 pp.
• Brown E.G. and Pierce G.J. 1997. Diet of harbour seals at Mousa, Shetland, during the third quarter of 1994. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 77: 539-555.
• Brown E.G. and Pierce G.J. 1998. Monthly variation in the diet of harbour seals in inshore waters along the southeast Shetland (UK) coastline. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 167: 275-289.
• Carss D.N. and Marquiss M. 1996. The influence of a fish farm on grey heron Ardea cinerea breeding performance. In: Greenstreet S.P.R. and Tasker M.L. (eds). Aquatic predators and their prey: 133-141. Fishing News Books, University Press, Cambridge.
• Carss D.N., 1993. Shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis at cage fish farms in Argyll, Western Scotland. Bird Study 40: 203-211. .
• Des Clers S. and Prime J. 1996. Seals and fishery interactions: observations and models in the Firth of Clyde, Scotland. In: Greenstreet S.P.R. and Tasker M.L. (Eds.) Aquatic Predators and Their Prey. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. 58-64.
• Durinck J., Skov H. and Danielsen F. 1991. Winter food of Guillemots Uria aalge in the Skagerrak. Dansk Ornithologisk Forenings Tidsskrift 85: 145-150.
• Erikstad K.E. 1990. Winter diets of four seabird species in the Barents Sea after a crash in the Capelin stock. Polar Biol. 10: 619-627.
• Garthe S., Camphuysen C.J. and Furness R.W. 1996. Amounts of discards by commercial fishereries and their significance as food for seabirds in the North Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 136: 1-11.
• Garthe S., Kubetzki U., Hüppop O. and Freyer T. 1999. Zur Ernährungsökologie von Herings-, Silber- und Sturmmöwe (Larus fuscus, L. argentatus und L. canus) auf der Nordseeinsel Amrum während der Brutzeit. Seevögel 20: 52-58.
• Götmark F. 1984. Food and foraging in five species of Larus gulls in the breeding season: a comparative review. Orn. Fenn. 61: 9-18.
• Hall A.J., Watkins J. and Hammond P.S. 1998. Seasonal variation in the diet of harbour seals in the south-western North Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 170: 269-281.
• Halley D.J., Harrison N., Webb A. and Thompson D.R. 1995. Seasonal and geographical variations in the diet of Common Guillemots (Uria aalge) off western Scotland. Seabird 17: 12-20.
• Hammond P.S. and Prime J.H. 1990. The Diet of British Grey Seals (Halichoerus grypus). In: Bowen W.D. (ed.) Population biology of Sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens) in relation to its intermediate and seal hosts. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 222: 243-254.
• Hammond P.S., Hall A.J. and Prime J.H. 1994. The diet of grey seals around Orkney and other island and mainland sites in north-eastern Scotland. J. Appl. Ecol. 31: 340-350.
• Harris M.P. and Hislop J.R.G. 1978. The food of young puffins Fratercula arctica. J.Zool., Lond. 185:213-236.
• Harris M.P. and Wanless S. 1986. The food of young Razorbills on the Isle of May and a comparison with that of young Guillemots and Puffins. Orn. Scand. 17(1): 41-46.
• Harris M.P. and Wanless S. 1993. The diet of Shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis during the chick-rearing period assessed by three methods. Bird Study 40: 135-139.
• Harrison N.M. 1984. Predation on jellyfish and their associates by seabirds. Limnol. Oceanogr. 29(6): 1335-1337.
• Hartley C.H. and Fisher J. 1936. The marine foods of birds in an inland fjord region in West-Spitsbergen. J. Anim. Ecol. 5: 370-389.
• Havinga B. 1933. Der Seehund (Phoca vitulina L.) in den Holländischen Gewässern. Tijdschr. Ned. Dierk. Ver. 79: 79-111.
• Heggberget T.M. 1993. Marine feeding Otters (Lutra lutra) in Norway: seasonal variation in prey and reproductive timing. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK 73: 297-312.
• Härkönen T. 1987. Seasonal and regional variations in feeding habits of the harbour seal, Phoca vitulina, in the Skagerrak and the Kattegat. J. Zool. , Lond. 213: 1-9.
• Härkönen T. and Heide-Jørgensen M.-P. 1991. The Harbour Seal Phoca vitulina as a predator in the Skagerrak. Ophelia 34: 193-207.
• Härkönen T.J. 1988. Food-habitat relationship of Harbour Seals and Black Cormorants in the Skagerrak and Kattegat. J. Zool., Lond. 214: 673-681.
• Kieckbusch J.J. and Koop B. 1996. Kormoranmonitoring in Schleswig-Holstein. Vogelwelt 117: 349-354.
• Krause J. 1999. Analyse der Nahrungsreste im Verdauungstract von Phoca vitulina in Relation ze den tatschlich verfügbaren Nahrungsressourcen. MsC-thesis, Mathematisch- Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 67p.
• Kubetzki U. 1997. Ernährungsökologie von Sturmmöwen (Larus canus L., 1758) vershiedener Kolonien an der deutschen Nordseeküste. Msc thesis Institut fur Angewandte Zoologie der Reinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universita/t, Bonn, 87pp.
• Lid G. 1981. Reproduction of the Puffin on Röst in the Lofoten Islands in 1964-1980. Fauna norv. Ser C., Cinclus 4:30-39.
• Lindstrøm U., Harbitz A., Haug T. and Nilssen K.T. 1996. Do harp seals Phoca groenlandica exhibit particular prey preferences?. ICES C.M.
• Löhmer K. and Vauk G. 1970. Ein weiterer Beitrag zur Ernährung Helgoländer Silbermöwen (Larus argentatus). Vogelwarte 25: 242-245.
• Madsen F.J. 1957. On the food habits of some fish-eating birds in Denmark. Dan. Rev. Game Biol. 3:19-83.
• Martin A.R. 1989. The diet of Atlantic Puffin Fratercula arctica and Northern Gannet Sula bassana chicks at a Shetland colony during a period of changing prey availability. Bird Study 36: 170-180.
• Mills D., 1969. The food of the Shag in Loch Ewe, Ross-shire. Scot. Birds 5: 264-268. .
• Myrberget S. 1962. Underskölelser over forplantnings biologien til lunde (Fratercula arctica L.). Egg, ruging og under. Meddelelsre fra Statens Viltundersøkelser 2: 1-51.
• Niedernostheide N. 1996. Vergleichende nahrungsökologische Untersuchungen an Fluß- und Küstenseeschwalben (Sterna hirundo und St. paradisaea) auf Nigelhörn und Scharhörn (Elbmündung). Seevögel 17: 40-45.
• Nilssen K.T., Grotnes P.E. and Haug T. 1990. The effect of invading harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) on local coastal fish stocks of north Norway. ICES C.M.
• Nilssen K.T., Haug T., Potelov V., Stasenkov V. and Timoshenko Y.K. 1995. Food habits of harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) during lactation and moult in March-May in the southern Barents Sea and White Sea. ICES J. mar. Sci. 52: 33-41.
• Nogales M., Zonfillo B. and Monaghan P. 1995. Diets of adult and chick Herring Gulls Larus argentatus argenteus on Ailsa Craig, south-west Scotland. Seabird 17: 56-63.
• Pierce G.J. Diack J.S.W. and Boyle P.R. 1989. Digestive tract contents of seals in the Moray Firth area of Scotland. J. Fish Biol. 35(suppl. A):341-343.
• Pierce G.J., Boyle P.R. and Diack J.S.W., 1991. Digestive track contents of seals in Scottish waters: comparison of samples from salmon nets and elsewhere. J. Zool., Lond. 225: 670-676. .
• Pierce G.J., Boyle P.R. and Thompson P.M. 1990. Diet selection by seals. Barnes M. and Gibson R.N. (Eds.) Trophic Relationships in the Marine Environment. Proc. 24th Europ. Mar. Biol. Symp. 222-238.
• Pierce G.J., Thompson P.M., Miller A., Diack J.S.W., Miller D. and Boyle P.R., 1991. Seasonal variation in the diet of Common Seals (Phoca vitulina) in the Moray Firth area of Scotland. J. Zool., Lond. 223: 641-652. .
• Prime J.H. and Hammond P.S. 1987. Quantitative assessment of gray seal diet from fecal analysis. A.C. Huntley, D.P. Costa, G.A.J. Worthy and M.A. Castellini (Eds): Approaches to Marine Mammal Energetics. Soc. for Marine Mammalogy Special Publ. No. 1: 165-181.
• Prime J.H. and Hammond P.S. 1990. The diet of grey seals from the south-western North Sea assessed from analyses of hard parts found in faeces. J. Appl. Ecol. 27: 435-447.
• Prüter J. 1989. Phänologie und Ernährungsökologie der Dreizehnmöwen (Rissa tridactyla) - Brutpopulation auf Helgoland. Ökol. Vögel 11: 189-200.
• Rae B.B. 1965. The food of the common porpoise (Phocaena phocaena). J. Zool., Lond. 146: 114-122.
• Rae B.B., 1973. Additional notes on the food of the common porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). J. Zool., Lond. 169: 127-131. .
• Rae B.B., 1973. Further observations on the food of seals in Scottish waters. J. Zool., Lond. 169: 287-297. .
• Recchia C.A. and Read A.J. 1989. Stomach contents of harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena (L.), from the Bay of Fundy. Can . J. Zool. 67: 2140-2146.
• Reinhold A.-B. 1996. Nahrungsökologie des Kormorans (Phalacrocorax carbo) auf Helgoland. Msc thesis Humbolt University, Berlin and Vogelwarte Helgoland, Helgoland, 72p.
• Sievers U. 1989. Nahrungsokologische Untersuchungen an Seehunden (Phoca vitulina, Linne 1758) aus dem schleswig-holsteinischen Wattenmeer. Zool. Anz. 222: 249-260.
• Smith G.J.D. and Gaskin D.E. 1974. The diet of harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena (L.) in coastal waters of eastern Canada. Can. J. Zool. 52: 777-782.
• Stienen E.W.M and Brenninkmeijer A. 1992. Ecologisch profiel van de Visdief (Sterna hirundo). Rin-rapport 92/18: 128 pp.
• Stienen E.W.M. and Brenninkmeijer A. 1998. Effects of changing food availibility on population dynamics of the Sandwich Tern Sterna sandvicensis. BEON Rapport nr. 98-3, 69pp.
• Thompson P.M., Pierce G.J., Hislop J.R.G., Miller D. and Diack J.S.W. 1991. Winter foraging by Common Seals (Phoca vitulina) in relation to food availability in the inner Moray Firth, N.E. Scotland. J. Anim. Ecol. 60: 283-294.
• Thompson P.M., Tollit D.J., Greenstreet S.P.R., Mackay A. and Corpe H.M. 1996. Between-year variations in the diet and behaviour of harbour seals Phoca vitulina in the Moray Firth; causes and consequences. In: Greenstreet S.P.R. and Tasker M.L. (Eds.) Aquatic Predators and Their Prey. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. 44-52.
• Tollit D.J. and Thompson P.M. 1996. Seasonal and between-year variations in the diet of harbour seals in the Moray Firth, Scotland. Can. J. Zool. 74: 1110-1121.
• Tschanz B. 1979. Zur Entwicklung von Papageitaucherküken Fratercula arctica in Freiland und Labor bei unzulänglichem und ausreichendem Futterangebot. Fauna norv. Ser. C., Cinclus 2: 70-94.
• Ugland K.I., Jødestøl K.A., Aspholm P.E., Krøyer A.B. and Jakobsen T. 1993. Fish consumption by invading Harp Seals off the Norwegian coast in 1987 and 1988. ICES J. mar. Sci. 50: 27-38.
• Van Damme C. 1994. Poep en kots: dieetstudies van Zeehonden en Aalscholvers. Ongepubl. rapport, NIOZ, Texel, 32pp, bijlagen I-XLIII.
• Vauk G. and Jokele I. 1975. Vorkommen, Herkunft und Winternahrung Helgoländer Dreizehnmöwen (Rissa tridactyla). Veröff. Inst. Meeresf. Bremerhaven 15:69-77.
• Wanless S. 1984. The growth and food of young Gannets Sula bassana on Ailsa Graig. Seabird 7: 62-70.
• Wendeln H., Mickstein S. and Becker P. 1994. Auswirkungen individueller Ernährungstrategien von Flußseeschwalben (Sterna hirundo) auf die Anwesenheit am Koloniestandort. Die Vogelwarte 37: 290-303.