Ammodytes tobianus

Literature

• Aarefjord H., Bjørge A., Kinze C.C. and Lindstedt I. 1995. Diet of the Harbour Porpoise, Phocoena phocoena, in Scandinavian waters. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn (Special issue 16): 211-222.
• Albon S., Brazier H., Frost D., Martin A. and Mason D. 1976. University of East Anglia Shetland Islands Expeditions 1973/4. Norwich.
• Andersson M. 1976. Predation and kleptoparasitism by skuas in a Shetland breeding colony. Ibis 118: 208-217.
• Andersson Å, Odsjö T. and Olsson M. 1974. Häckningsresultat hos Tordmule i Stockholms skärgård i relation till aggskalstjochlek och halter av DDT, PCB och kvicksilver Iagg. Statens Naturvårdsverk. No. PM 483: 1-30.
• Anonymous 1980. Investigation of the Distribution of Seabirds at Sea. Nature Conservancy Council, Edinburgh 88pp.
• Asbirk S. 1979. The adaptive significance of the reproductive pattern in the Black Guillemot Cepphus grylle. Videnskabelige Meddelelser Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening 141: 29-80.
• Ashcroft R.E. 1976. Breeding, biology and survival of puffins. Unpublished D.Phil. thesis, University Oxford: 246pp.
• Barrett R.T., Anker-Nilssen T., Rikardsen F., Valde K., Røv, N. and Vader W. 1987. The food, growth and fledging success of Norwegian Puffin chicks Fratercula arctica in 1980-1983. Ornis. Scand. 18: 73-83.
• Barrett R.T., Røv N., Loen J. and Montevecchi W.A. 1990. Diets of Shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis and cormorants P. carbo in Norway and possible implications for gadoid stock recruitment. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 66: 205-218.
• Bayes J.C., Dawson M.J. and Potts G.R. 1964. The food and feeding behaviour of the Great Skua in the Faeroes. Bird Study 11: 272-279.
• Beja P.R. 1989. A note on the diet of Razorbills Alca torda wintering off Portugal. Seabird 12:11-13.
• Belopol'skii L.O. 1957. Ecology of sea colony birds of the Barents sea [Ekologiya Morskikh Kolonial'nykh Ptits Barentsova barya]. Isr. Progr. Sc. Transl., Jerusalem, 1961.
• Bergman G. 1971. Grylteisten Cepphus grylle in einen Randgebiet: Nahrung Brutresultat, Tagesrhythmus und Ansiedlung. Commentationes Biologicae 42: 1-26.
• Bergman G. 1978. Av naringsbrist fovorsakade stormingar i tejsterns (tobisgrisslans) Cepphus grylle hackning. Memoranda Societatis pro Fauna et Fennica 54: 31-32.
• Bianki V.V. 1967. Gulls, Shorebirds and Alcids of Kandalaksha Bay. Isreal Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem 250pp.
• Birkhead T.R. 1976. Breeding biology and survival of Guillemots Uria aalge. Unpublished D.Phil. thesis, University Oxford: 204pp.
• Bjørge A. 1995. Comparative habitat use and foraging behaviour of harbour seals and grey seals in western Norway. ICES C.M.
• Bjørge A., Aarefjord H., Kaarstad S., Kleivane L. and Øien N. 1991. Harbour Porpoises Phocoena phocoena in Norwegian waters. ICES C.M.
• Bjørge A., Olsen M. and Prime J. 1993. Food and foraging of the Harbour Seal, Phoca vitulina L., in Norwegian waters. Ch. V in: A. Bjørge (.
• Blake B.F. 1983. A comparative study of the diet of auks killed during an oil incident in the Skagerrak in January 1981. J. Zool., London 201: 1-12.
• Blake B.F. 1984. Diet and fish stock availability as possible factors in the mass death of auks in the North Sea. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. 76: 89-103.
• Blake B.F. Dixon T.J. Hope Jones P. and Tasker M.L. 1985. Seasonal Changes in the Feeding Ecology of Guillemots (Uria aalge) off North and East Scotland. Est.,Coastal and Shelf Sc. 20:559-568.
• Booth C.J. 1976. Great Skuas killing Mountain Hare and Rabbits. Scott. Birds 9: 125.
• Boudewijn T.J., Dirksen S. and van der Winden J. 1994. De voedselkeuze van Aalscholvers in de Grevelingen in het seizoen 1993-.
• Bourne W.R.P. 1982. Concentration of Scottish seabirds vulnerable to oil pollution. Mar. Poll. Bull. 13: 270-272.
• Brathay Exploration Group 1967. Bird observations during the expedition to S.E. Iceland 28 July to 10 August.
• Brathay Exploration Group 1968. Bird observations during South-East Iceland expeditoins 1967 and.
• Brathay Exploration Group 1969. Iceland expeditoins.
• Brenninkmeijer A. and Stienen E.W.M. 1992. Ecologisch profiel van de Grote Stern (Sterna sandvicensis). Rin-rapport 92/17: 107 pp.
• Brooke M. 1990. The Manx Shearwater. T. and A.D. Poyser, Academic Press Limited, London, 246pp.
• Brown E.G. and Pierce G.J. 1997. Diet of harbour seals at Mousa, Shetland, during the third quarter of 1994. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 77: 539-555.
• Brown E.G. and Pierce G.J. 1998. Monthly variation in the diet of harbour seals in inshore waters along the southeast Shetland (UK) coastline. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 167: 275-289.
• Burton R.W. and Steventon D. 1971. Iceland bird report for 1970. Brathay Exploration Group Field Studies Report 12: 24-25.
• Byrkjedal I., Eldøy S., Grundetjern G. and Løyning M.K. 1997. Feeding associations between Red-necked Grebes Podiceps griseigena and Velvet Scoters Melanitta fusca in winter. Ibis 139: 45-50.
• Campbell W.D. and Denzey F.J. 1954. Great Skua killing Heron. Brit.Birds 47: 403.
• Camphuysen C.J. 1995. Voedsel van Zeekoeten Uria aalge voor de Zeeuwse kust, december 1991. Sula 9(4): 164-166.
• Camphuysen C.J. and Keijl G.O. 1991. Dissectie van Zeekoeten Uria aalge, betrokken bij de massastranding op de Hollandse kust, november 1990. NZG/NSO Internal Report, Zaandam, 5pp.
• Camphuysen C.J. and Keijl G.O. 1994. Leeftijd, geslacht, conditie en voedsel van Zeekoeten Uria aalge betrokken bij de massastranding op de Hollandse kust, november 1990. Sula 8(4): 257-268.
• Carss D.N., 1993. Shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis at cage fish farms in Argyll, Western Scotland. Bird Study 40: 203-211. .
• Collier R.V. and Stott M. 1976. Review of ornitological studies in South-East Iceland. Brathay Exploration Group Field Studies Report 29: 1-18.
• Collinge W.E. 1925. The food of some britisch wild birds. York.
• Corkhill P. 1973. Food and feeding ecology of Puffins. Bird Study 20: 207-220.
• Des Clers S. and Prime J. 1996. Seals and fishery interactions: observations and models in the Firth of Clyde, Scotland. In: Greenstreet S.P.R. and Tasker M.L. (Eds.) Aquatic Predators and Their Prey. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. 58-64.
• Durinck J., Skov H. and Danielsen F. 1991. Winter food of Guillemots Uria aalge in the Skagerrak. Dansk Ornithologisk Forenings Tidsskrift 85: 145-150.
• Durinck J., Skov H., Danielsen F. and Christensen K.D. 1994. Vinterføden hos Røkstrubet Lom Gavia stellata i Skagerrak [Winter food of Red-throated Divers Gavia stellata from the North Sea coast of Jutland]. Dansk Orn. Foren. Tidsskr. 88: 39-41.
• D’Elbée J. and Hémery G. 1998. Diet and foraging behaviour of the British Storm Petrel Hydrobates pelagicus in the Bay of Biscay during summer. Ardea 86: 1-10.
• Essen K. van, Schobben J.H.M., Baptist H.J.M., Winter C.J.N. and Jol J. 1998. Foerageergedrag van de Grote Stern Sterna sandvicensis. BEON Report 98-12, Werkdocument RIKZ/OS-98.117, 33pp.
• Evans P.G.H. 1975. Gulls and Puffins on North Rona. Bird Study 22: 239-247.
• Ewins P.J. 1985. Growth, diet and mortality of Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea chicks in Shetland. Seabird 8: 59-68.
• Ewins P.J. 1987. Opportunistic feeding of Black Guillemots Cepphus grylle at fishing vessels. Seabird 10: 58-59.
• Ewins P.J. 1993. Pigeon Guillemot. In: A. Poole and F.Gill (eds.) The birds of North America 49 Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadephia and the American Ornithologists' Union, Washington DC.
• Fisher J. and Lockley R.M. 1954. Seabirds. Collins New Naturalist Series, Facsimile 1989, Bloomsbury Books, London 320pp.
• Frank D. 1992. The influence of feeding conditions on food provisioning of chicks in Common Terns Sterna hirundo nesting in the German Wadden Sea. In: Spaans A.L. (ed.). Population dynamics of Lari in relation to food resources. Ardea 80: 45-55.
• Fuchs E. 1977. Kleptoparasitism of Sandwich Terns Sterna sandvicensis by Black-headed Gulls Larus ridibundus. Ibis 119: 183-190.
• Furness B., 1976. A study of the Kittiwake colonies on Foula, Shetland. B.Sc. dissertation, University of Durham, Durham. .
• Furness R.W. 1974. The ecology of the Great Skua on Foula. Brathay Expl. Group Field Stud. Rep. 25: 1-32.
• Furness R.W. 1979. Foods of the Great Skuas Catharacta skua at North Atlantic breeding localities. Ibis 121: 86-92.
• Furness R.W., 1976. Ornitoligical studies on Foula in 1974. Brathay Expl. Group Field Stud. Rep. 28: 1-35. .
• Furness R.W., 1977. Effects of Great Skuas on Arctic Skuas in Shetland. Brit. Birds 70: 96-107. .
• Furness R.W., 1977. Ornitoligical studies on Foula in 1975 and 1976. Brathay Expl. Group Field Stud. Rep. 30. .
• Garthe S. and Kubetzki U. 1998. Diet of Sandwich Terns Sterna sandvicensis on Juist (Germany). Sula 12(1): 13-19.
• Garthe S., Kubetzki U., Hüppop O. and Freyer T. 1999. Zur Ernährungsökologie von Herings-, Silber- und Sturmmöwe (Larus fuscus, L. argentatus und L. canus) auf der Nordseeinsel Amrum während der Brutzeit. Seevögel 20: 52-58.
• Gudmundsson F. 1954. Iceland's birds (9) The Great Skua. Natturufraedingurinn 24: 123-136.
• Götmark F. 1984. Food and foraging in five species of Larus gulls in the breeding season: a comparative review. Orn. Fenn. 61: 9-18.
• Hall A.J., Watkins J. and Hammond P.S. 1998. Seasonal variation in the diet of harbour seals in the south-western North Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 170: 269-281.
• Halley D.J., Harrison N., Webb A. and Thompson D.R. 1995. Seasonal and geographical variations in the diet of Common Guillemots (Uria aalge) off western Scotland. Seabird 17: 12-20.
• Hammond P.S. and Prime J.H. 1990. The Diet of British Grey Seals (Halichoerus grypus). In: Bowen W.D. (ed.) Population biology of Sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens) in relation to its intermediate and seal hosts. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 222: 243-254.
• Hammond P.S., Hall A.J. and Prime J.H. 1994. The diet of grey seals around Orkney and other island and mainland sites in north-eastern Scotland. J. Appl. Ecol. 31: 340-350.
• Harris M.P. 1970. Differences in the diet of British auks. Ibis 112:540-541.
• Harris M.P. and Wanless S. 1986. The food of young Razorbills on the Isle of May and a comparison with that of young Guillemots and Puffins. Orn. Scand. 17(1): 41-46.
• Harris M.P. and Wanless S. 1993. The diet of Shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis during the chick-rearing period assessed by three methods. Bird Study 40: 135-139.
• Hartwig E. Stühmer F. and Clemens T. 1990. Zur Ernährungsökologie der Küstenseeschwalbe (Sterna paradisaea) auf Scharhörn. Seevögel 11: 53-59.
• Hatchwell B.J. 1991. Feeding ecology of young Guillemots Uria aalge on Skomer Island, Wales. Ibis 133: 153-161.
• Havinga B. 1933. Der Seehund (Phoca vitulina L.) in den Holländischen Gewässern. Tijdschr. Ned. Dierk. Ver. 79: 79-111.
• Hedgren S. 1976. Om Sillgrisslans Uria aalge föda vid Stora Karlsö. [On the food of the Guillemot at the island of Stora Karlsö, the Baltic Sea]. Vår Fågelvärld 35:287-290.
• Härkönen T. 1987. Seasonal and regional variations in feeding habits of the harbour seal, Phoca vitulina, in the Skagerrak and the Kattegat. J. Zool. , Lond. 213: 1-9.
• Härkönen T. and Heide-Jørgensen M.-P. 1991. The Harbour Seal Phoca vitulina as a predator in the Skagerrak. Ophelia 34: 193-207.
• Härkönen T.J. 1988. Food-habitat relationship of Harbour Seals and Black Cormorants in the Skagerrak and Kattegat. J. Zool., Lond. 214: 673-681.
• Ingram C. 1949. Great Skua's method of killing large birds. British Birds 42: 223.
• Jackson E.E. 1966. The birds of Foula. Scott. Birds 4 (suppl.): 1-57.
• Joensen A.H. 1963. Ynglefuglene på Skuvoy, Færøerne, deres udbredelse og antal. Dansk orn. Foren. Tidsskr. 57: 1-18.
• Kieckbusch J.J 1993. Beobachtungen zur Nahrungswahl des Kormorans (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) in der Umgebung des Naturschutzgebietes "Oehe-Schleimunde". Seevögel 14(2):19-22.
• Krause J. 1999. Analyse der Nahrungsreste im Verdauungstract von Phoca vitulina in Relation ze den tatschlich verfügbaren Nahrungsressourcen. MsC-thesis, Mathematisch- Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 67p.
• Leopold M. 1997. Onderzoek aan Roodkeelduikers in het Windbrekergebied. De Windbreker 99: 2-4.
• Leopold M.F. and Camphuysen C.J. 1992. Olievogels op het Texelse strand, februari.
• Leopold M.F. and Van Damme C.J.G., in prep. Cormorants and polychaetes: can worms be a main prey of a piscivorous seabird?. Marine Ornithology manuscript. .
• Leopold M.F., Van Damme C.J.G. and Van der Veer H.W. 1998. Diet of cormorants and the impact of cormorant predation on juvenile flatfish in the Dutch Wadden Sea. J. Sea Res. 40: 93-107.
• Leopold M.F., Wolf P.A. and Hüppop O. 1992. Food of young and colony-attendance of adult guillemots Uria aalge on Helgoland. Helg. Meeresunters. 46: 237-249.
• Lid G. 1981. Reproduction of the Puffin on Röst in the Lofoten Islands in 1964-1980. Fauna norv. Ser C., Cinclus 4:30-39.
• Lindstrøm U., Harbitz A., Haug T. and Nilssen K.T. 1996. Do harp seals Phoca groenlandica exhibit particular prey preferences?. ICES C.M.
• Lloyd C.S. 1976. The breeding biology and survival of the Razorbill Alca torda L.. Unpublished D.Phil. thesis, University of Oxford 150pp.
• Lockie J.D. 1952. The food of Great Skuas on Hermaness, Unst, Shetland. Scot. Nat. 64: 158-162.
• Lumsden W.H.R. and Haddow A.J. 1946. The food of the Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis in the Clyde sea area. J. Anim. Ecol. 15: 35-42.
• Lyngs P. and Durinck J. 1998. Diet of Guillemots Uria aalge in the central Baltic Sea. Dansk Orn. Foren. Tidsskr. 92: 197-200.
• Madsen F.J. 1957. On the food habits of some fish-eating birds in Denmark. Dan. Rev. Game Biol. 3:19-83.
• Mawby P.J. 1969. Report on ornithological studies on Foula in.
• Mawby P.J. 1970. Ornithological studies on Foula in.
• Mawby P.J. 1971. Ornithological studies on Foula in.
• Mawby P.J. 1973. Ornithological studies on Foula in 1972. Brathay Exploration Group Field Studies Report 24.
• Meinertzhagen R. 1941. August in Shetland. Ibis: 105-117.
• Meinertzhagen R. 1959. Pirates and predators. Edinburgh.
• Mills D., 1969. The food of the Cormorant at two breeding colonies on the east coast of Scotland. Scot. Birds 5: 268-276. .
• Mills D., 1969. The food of the Shag in Loch Ewe, Ross-shire. Scot. Birds 5: 264-268. .
• Myrberget S. 1962. Underskölelser over forplantnings biologien til lunde (Fratercula arctica L.). Egg, ruging og under. Meddelelsre fra Statens Viltundersøkelser 2: 1-51.
• Niedernostheide N. 1996. Vergleichende nahrungsökologische Untersuchungen an Fluß- und Küstenseeschwalben (Sterna hirundo und St. paradisaea) auf Nigelhörn und Scharhörn (Elbmündung). Seevögel 17: 40-45.
• Nilssen K.T., Haug T., Potelov V., Stasenkov V. and Timoshenko Y.K. 1995. Food habits of harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) during lactation and moult in March-May in the southern Barents Sea and White Sea. ICES J. mar. Sci. 52: 33-41.
• Norman D. 1992. The growth rate of Little Tern Sterna albifrons chicks. Ringing and Migration 13: 98-102.
• Okill J.D., Fowler J.A., Ellis P.M. and Petrie G.W. 1992. The diet of Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo chicks in Shetland in 1989. Seabird 14: 21-26.
• Paillard C. 1985. Mise au point d'une mthode d'tude de l'alimentation des oiseaux de mer: cas du Grand Cormoran (Phalacrocorax carbo). Travaux des Rserves. Soc. pour l'Etude et la Protection de la Nature en Bretagne 4: 51-85.
• Pearson T.H. 1968. The feeding biology of sea-bird species breeding on the Farne Islands, Northumberland. J. Anim. Ecol. 37:521-552.
• Pennie I.D. 1948. Summer bird notes from Foula. Scott. Nat. 60: 157-163.
• Perry R. 1948. Shetland sanctuary. Faber, London.
• Petersen A. 1981. Breeding biology and feeding ecology of Black Guillemots. Unpublished D.Phil. thesis Oxford University 378pp.
• Phillips R.A., M.K. Petersen, K. Lilliendahl, J. Solmundsson, K.C. Hamer, C.J. Camphuysen and B. Zonfrillo, 1999. The diet of the northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis: reliance on commercial fisheries?. Mar. Biol. 135: 159-170. .
• Pierce G.J. Diack J.S.W. and Boyle P.R. 1989. Digestive tract contents of seals in the Moray Firth area of Scotland. J. Fish Biol. 35(suppl. A):341-343.
• Pierce G.J., Boyle P.R. and Diack J.S.W., 1991. Digestive track contents of seals in Scottish waters: comparison of samples from salmon nets and elsewhere. J. Zool., Lond. 225: 670-676. .
• Pierce G.J., Boyle P.R. and Thompson P.M. 1990. Diet selection by seals. Barnes M. and Gibson R.N. (Eds.) Trophic Relationships in the Marine Environment. Proc. 24th Europ. Mar. Biol. Symp. 222-238.
• Pierce G.J., Thompson P.M., Miller A., Diack J.S.W., Miller D. and Boyle P.R., 1991. Seasonal variation in the diet of Common Seals (Phoca vitulina) in the Moray Firth area of Scotland. J. Zool., Lond. 223: 641-652. .
• Pitt F. 1922. The Great and Arctic Skuas in the Shetlands. Br. Birds 16: 174-181, 198-202.
• Prime J.H. and Hammond P.S. 1987. Quantitative assessment of gray seal diet from fecal analysis. A.C. Huntley, D.P. Costa, G.A.J. Worthy and M.A. Castellini (Eds): Approaches to Marine Mammal Energetics. Soc. for Marine Mammalogy Special Publ. No. 1: 165-181.
• Prime J.H. and Hammond P.S. 1990. The diet of grey seals from the south-western North Sea assessed from analyses of hard parts found in faeces. J. Appl. Ecol. 27: 435-447.
• Rae B.B. 1965. The food of the common porpoise (Phocaena phocaena). J. Zool., Lond. 146: 114-122.
• Rae B.B., 1973. Additional notes on the food of the common porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). J. Zool., Lond. 169: 127-131. .
• Reinert A. 1976. Lomvigin I-VI. Dimmalaetting 99 (97)4, (98)5, (100)3, (102)5, (107)3,8 (114)4-5.
• Salomonsen F 1935. Aves. In: R. Spärck (ed.) Zoology of the Faroes Vol. 3 Part 2 No 64: 1-269.
• Sievers U. 1989. Nahrungsokologische Untersuchungen an Seehunden (Phoca vitulina, Linne 1758) aus dem schleswig-holsteinischen Wattenmeer. Zool. Anz. 222: 249-260.
• Slater P.J.B. 1980. Factors affecting the numbers of guillemots Uria aalge present on cliffs. Orn. Scand. 11: 155-163.
• Slater P.J.B. and Slater E.P. 1972. Behaviour of the Tystie during feeding of the young. Bird Study 19(2): 105-113.
• Steven G.A. 1933. The food consumed by Shags and Cormorants around the shores of Cornwall (England). J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 19: 277-292.
• Stienen E.W.M and Brenninkmeijer A. 1992. Ecologisch profiel van de Visdief (Sterna hirundo). Rin-rapport 92/18: 128 pp.
• Stienen E.W.M. and Brenninkmeijer A. 1998. Effects of changing food availibility on population dynamics of the Sandwich Tern Sterna sandvicensis. BEON Rapport nr. 98-3, 69pp.
• Swann R.L., Harris M.P. and Aiton D.G. 1991. The diet of some young seabirds on Canna, 1981-90. Seabird 13: 54-58.
• Taylor I.R. 1979. Prey selection during courtship feeding in the Common Tern. Ornis Scand. 10: 142-144.
• Thompson P.M., Pierce G.J., Hislop J.R.G., Miller D. and Diack J.S.W. 1991. Winter foraging by Common Seals (Phoca vitulina) in relation to food availability in the inner Moray Firth, N.E. Scotland. J. Anim. Ecol. 60: 283-294.
• Thompson P.M., Tollit D.J., Greenstreet S.P.R., Mackay A. and Corpe H.M. 1996. Between-year variations in the diet and behaviour of harbour seals Phoca vitulina in the Moray Firth; causes and consequences. In: Greenstreet S.P.R. and Tasker M.L. (Eds.) Aquatic Predators and Their Prey. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. 44-52.
• Tollit D.J. and Thompson P.M. 1996. Seasonal and between-year variations in the diet of harbour seals in the Moray Firth, Scotland. Can. J. Zool. 74: 1110-1121.
• Tollit D.J., Greenstreet S.P.R. and Thompson P.M. 1997. Prey selection by harbour seals, Phoca vitulina, in relation to variations in prey abundance. Can. J. Zool. 75: 1508-1518.
• Tschanz B. 1979. Zur Entwicklung von Papageitaucherküken Fratercula arctica in Freiland und Labor bei unzulänglichem und ausreichendem Futterangebot. Fauna norv. Ser. C., Cinclus 2: 70-94.
• Uspenski S.M. 1958. The bird bazaars of Novaya Zemlya. Transl. Russ. Game Rep. No. 4, 346pp, Dept. North. Affairs and Nat. Res., Canada.
• Van Damme C.J.G., Leopold M.F. and Knecht S., 1999. Diet, prey preferences and feeding habitat of harbour seals at Helgoland, southeastern North Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. .
• Velando A. and Freire J. 1999. Intercolony and seasonal differences in the breeding diet of European shags on the Galician coast (NW Spain). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 188: 225-236.
• Venables L.S.V. and Venables U.M. 1955. Birds and mammals of Shetland. London.
• Wanless S. 1984. The growth and food of young Gannets Sula bassana on Ailsa Graig. Seabird 7: 62-70.
• Wanless S., Corfield T., Harris M.P. Buckland S.T. and Morris J.A. 1993. Diving behaviour of the Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis (Aves: Pelecaniformes) in relation to water depth and prey size. J. Zool. (London) 231: 11-25.
• Wendeln H., Mickstein S. and Becker P. 1994. Auswirkungen individueller Ernährungstrategien von Flußseeschwalben (Sterna hirundo) auf die Anwesenheit am Koloniestandort. Die Vogelwarte 37: 290-303.
• Williamson K. 1957. The Bonxies of Fair Isle. Bird Notes News 27:164-169.
• Witherby H.F., Jourdain F.C.R., Ticehurst N.F. and Tucker B.W. 1944. The handbook of British birds. London.